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Chapter IV Penalties during a round
Article 215 PENALTIES
During a round, penalties are incurred for:
1. Knocking down an obstacle (Article 216) and a foot in the water or on the lath of the water jump
2. A disobedience (Article 218);
3. A deviation from the course (Article 219);
4. A fall of a horse and/or competitor (Article 224);
5. Unauthorised assistance (Article 225);
6. Exceeding the time allowed or the time limit (Articles 228 and 229).
Article 216 KNOCK DOWN
1. An obstacle is considered to have been knocked down when, through a mistake of the horse or competitor:
1.1. the whole or any part of it falls, even if the part which falls is arrested in its fall by any part of the obstacle;
1.2. at least one of its ends no longer rests on any part of its support;
2. Touches and displacements of any part of an obstacle or its flags, in whatever direction, while in the act of jumping, do not count as a knock down. If in doubt the Ground Jury should decide in favour of the competitor. The knock down or displacement of an obstacle and/or a flag as a result of a disobedience is penalised as a refusal only.
In the event of the displacement of any part of an obstacle, (except the flags), as a result of a disobedience, the bell will be rung and the clock stopped while the displacement is re-adjusted. This does not count as a knock down and is only penalised as a disobedience and by time in accordance with Article 233.
3. Penalties for knocking down an obstacle are those provided for under Tables A and C (Articles 236 and 239).
4. If any part of an obstacle which has been knocked down is likely to impede a competitor in jumping another obstacle, the bell must be rung and the clock stopped while this part is picked up and the way is cleared.
5. If a competitor jumps an obstacle correctly which has been improperly rebuilt, he incurs no penalty; but if he knocks down this obstacle he will be penalised in accordance with the table for the competition.
Article 217 VERTICAL AND SPREAD OBSTACLES
1. When a vertical obstacle or part of an obstacle comprises two or several parts placed one above the other and positioned in the same vertical plane, only the fall of the top part is penalised.
2. When a spread obstacle which requires only one effort comprises parts which are not positioned in the same vertical plane, the fall of one or several top parts only counts as one fault whatever the number and position of the parts which have fallen. Trees, hedges etc. used as filling are not liable for penalties.
Article 218 DISOBEDIENCES
1. The following are considered as disobediences and are penalised as such (Articles 236 ):
1.1. a refusal;
1.2. a run-out;
1.3. a resistance;
1.4. a more or less regular circle or group of circles no matter where they occur on the course or for whatever reason;
2. The following is not considered to be a disobedience:
circling for up to 45 seconds after a run-out or a refusal to get into position to jump an obstacle;
Article 219 DEVIATION FROM THE COURSE
1. It is a deviation from the course when the competitor:
1.1. does not follow the course as set out on the published plan;
1.2. does not cross the starting line or the finishing line between the flags in the correct direction (Article 240.3.6);
1.3. omits a compulsory turning point (Article 240.3.7);
1.4. does not jump the obstacles in the order or in the direction indicated, except in certain special competitions (Chapter XIV) (Article 240.3.9. and 3.10);
1.5. jumps or attempts to jump an obstacle which does not form part of the course or omits an obstacle. Obstacles not included in the course should be crossed but failure to do so by the arena party will not preclude the elimination of a competitor for jumping an obstacles not forming part of the course.
2. An uncorrected deviation from the course incurs elimination (Articles 240.3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9. and 3.10).
Article 220 CORRECTED DEVIATION FROM THE COURSE
1. To correct a deviation from the course, the competitor must resume the course at the point where the deviation took place.
2. The following is not considered as a deviation from the course and incurs no penalties:
2.1. a horse or part of a horse going past an obstacle to be jumped or a compulsory turning point or the finishing line and afterwards taking it in the correct direction.
Article 221 REFUSAL
1. It is a refusal when a horse halts in front of an obstacle which it must jump whether or not the horse knocks it down or displaces it.
2. Stopping without moving backwards in front of a compulsory turning point or an obstacle without knocking it down and without backing followed immediately by a standing jump is not penalised.
3. If the halt is prolonged, if the horse steps back, either voluntarily or not, even a single pace, it counts as a refusal.
4. If a horse slides through an obstacle, the Judge must decide immediately if it is to count as a refusal or as an obstacle knocked down. If he decides that it is a refusal the bell is rung at once and the competitor must be ready to attempt the obstacle again as soon as it has been rebuilt (Articles 233 and 234). If the Judge decides that it is not a refusal, the bell is not rung and the competitor must continue his round. He is then penalised as for an obstacle knocked down.
If the bell has been rung and the competitor jumps other elements of the combination in his stride, it does not entail elimination or any further penalty should he knock down this element of the combination.
5. If a competitor is unable to jump the 2nd or 3rd element of a combination as a result of a fall at the preceding element with or without a knock down or a displacement, he is penalised for the fall but not for a refusal (Article 224.3).
Article 222 RUN-OUT
It is a run-out when the horse escapes the control of its rider and avoids an obstacle which it has to jump or a compulsory turning point, which it has to pass.
1. When a horse jumps an obstacle between two red flags or between two white flags the obstacle has not been jumped correctly. The competitor is penalised as for a run-out and he must jump the obstacle again correctly.
2. If the run-out is the consequence of a fall between two elements of a combination after the jump of the preceding element, the run out is not penalised (Article 224.3).
Article 223 RESISTANCE
1. It is a resistance when the horse refuses to go forward, makes a halt for any reason, makes one or several more or less regular or complete half turns, rears or steps back for whatever reason.
2. It is equally a resistance when the competitor stops his horse at any moment and for any reason, except in the event of an incorrectly rebuilt obstacle or to indicate unforeseen circumstances to the Ground Jury (Article 234.3.2). A resistance is penalised as for a refusal except in the circumstances set out in art. 240.3.3 and 3.5.
Article 224 FALLS
1. A competitor is considered to have fallen when, either voluntarily or involuntarily, he is separated from his horse, which has not fallen, in such a way that he touches the ground or finds it necessary, in order to get back into the saddle, to use some form of support or outside assistance.
If it is not clear that the rider has used some form of support or outside assistance to prevent his fall, the benefit of doubt must be given to the rider
2. A horse is considered to have fallen when the shoulder and quarters have touched the ground or the obstacle and the ground.
1. The following sub-paragraphs relate solely to Nations Cup competitions, team and individual competitions at Championships and Games:
1.1. When a competitor falls in knocking down an obstacle or in refusing to jump an obstacle, or as a result of any other disobedience, the penalties in these circumstances are added together.
1.2. Should a loose horse fall, jump an obstacle, go the wrong side of a flag, or pass through the starting or finishing line, it will not be penalised, except in the circumstances provided for in Article 214.3.
Article 225 UNAUTHORISED ASSISTANCE
1. Any physical intervention by a third party between the crossing of the starting line in the correct direction and the crossing of the finishing line after jumping the last obstacle, whether solicited or not, with the object of helping the competitor or his horse is considered to be unauthorised assistance.
2. In certain exceptional cases, the Ground Jury may authorise the competitor to enter the arena on foot or with the help of another person, without this being considered as unauthorised assistance.
3. Any help given to a mounted competitor to adjust his saddlery or bridle or to hand him a whip while mounted during the round will incur elimination. To hand a mounted competitor his headgear and/or spectacles during his round is not considered to be unauthorised assistance (Article 240.3.21).
Following a fall of the competitor or when he has voluntarily dismounted, all assistance given to a competitor, for example bringing back his horse, helping him readjust saddlery, handing him his whip or helping him get back in the saddle, is not considered as unauthorised assistance. (Article 224.3)
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